广州网络维护服务过程中网络维护配置是必不可少的过程，以下向大家介绍cisco-asa防火墙配置的内容

1. 常用技巧
   
    Sh ru ntp查看与ntp有关的
   
    Sh ru crypto 查看与vpn有关的
   
    Sh ru | inc crypto 只是关健字过滤而已
   
    2. 故障倒换
   
    failover
   
    failover lan unit primary
   
    failover lan interface testint Ethernet0/3
   
    failover link testint Ethernet0/3
   
    failover mac address Ethernet0/1 0018.1900.5000 0018.1900.5001
   
    failover mac address Ethernet0/0 0018.1900.4000 0018.1900.4001
   
    failover mac address Ethernet0/2 0018.1900.6000 0018.1900.6001
   
    failover mac address Management0/0 0018.1900.7000 0018.1900.7001
   
    failover interface ip testint 10.3.3.1 255.255.255.0 standby 10.3.3.2
   
    注：最好配置虚拟MAC地址
   
    sh failover显示配置信息
   
    write standby写入到备用的防火墙中
   
    failover命令集如下：
   
    configure mode commands/options:
   
    interface Configure the IP address and mask to be used for failover
   
    and/or stateful update information
   
    interface-policy Set the policy for failover due to interface failures
   
    key Configure the failover shared secret or key
   
    lan Specify the unit as primary or secondary or configure the
   
    interface and vlan to be used for failover communication
   
    link Configure the interface and vlan to be used as a link for
   
    stateful update information
   
    mac Specify the virtual mac address for a physical interface
   
    polltime Configure failover poll interval
   
    replication Enable HTTP （port 80） connection replication
   
    timeout Specify the failover reconnect timeout value for
   
    asymmetrically routed sessions
   
    sh failover 命令集如下：
   
    history Show failover switching history
   
    interface Show failover command interface information
   
    state Show failover internal state information
   
    statistics Show failover command interface statistics information
   
    Output modifiers
   
    3. 配置telnet、ssh及http管理
   
    username jiang password Csmep3VzvPQPCbkx encrypted privilege 15
   
    aaa authentication enable console LOCAL
   
    aaa authentication telnet console LOCAL
   
    aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL
   
    aaa authorization command LOCAL
   
    http 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.0 management
   
    ssh 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.0 inside
   
    4. vpn常用管理命令
   
    sh vpn-sessiondb full l2l 显示site to site 之vpn通道情况
   
    sh ipsec stats 显示ipsec通道情况
   
    sh vpn-sessiondb summary 显示vpn汇总信息
   
    sh vpn-sessiondb detail l2l 显示ipsec详细信息
   
    sh vpn-sessiondb detail svc 查看ssl client信息
   
    sh vpn-sessiondb detail webvpn 查看webvpn信息
   
    sh vpn-sessiondb detail full l2l 相当于linux下的ipsec whack ?Cstatus 如果没有建立连接，则表示ipsec通道还没有建立起来。
   
    5. 配置访问权限
   
    可以建立对象组，设定不同的权限，如：
   
    object-group network testgroup
   
    description test
   
    network-object 192.168.100.34 255.255.255.255
   
    access-list inside_access_in line 2 extended permit ip object-group all any
   
    access-group inside_access_in in interface inside
   
    6. 配置sitetosite之VPN
   
    crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac
   
    crypto map outside_map 20 match address outside_cryptomap_20_1
   
    crypto map outside_map 20 set pfs
   
    crypto map outside_map 20 set peer 218.16.105.48
   
    crypto map outside_map 20 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA
   
    crypto map outside_map interface outside
   
    isakmp identity address
   
    isakmp enable outside
   
    isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share
   
    isakmp policy 10 encryption 3des
   
    isakmp policy 10 hash sha
   
    isakmp policy 10 group 2
   
    isakmp policy 10 lifetime 86400
   
    tunnel-group 218.16.105.48 type ipsec-l2l
   
    tunnel-group 218.16.105.48 ipsec-attributes
   
    pre-shared-key *
   
    peer-id-validate nocheck
   
    tunnel-group-map enable rules
7. webvpn配置（ssl vpn）
   
    webvpn
   
    enable outside
   
    character-encoding gb2312
   
    csd image disk0:/securedesktop-asa-3.1.1.16.pkg
   
    svc image disk0:/sslclient-win-1.1.0.154.pkg 1
   
    svc enable
   
    customization customization1
   
    title text TEST WebVPN system
   
    title style background-color:white;color: rgb（51,153,0）；border-bottom:5px groo
   
    ve #669999;font-size:larger;vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;font-weight:bold
   
    tunnel-group-list enable
   
    注：也可通过ASDM图形界面进行配置
   
    登录后，可访问内部资源，如下例：（客户端首先要安装Java插件jre-1_5_0-windows-i586.exe,并打开浏览器的ActiveX）
   
    1） 输入用户名和密码
   
    2） 出现工具条
   
    3） 在Enter Web Address内输入192.168.40.8即可访问内部网站
   
    4）在browse network输入192.168.40.8即可访问共享文件
   
    5）点击application access，即可查看端口转发设置，如使用putty访问本机的2023端口，则即可通过ssh登录192.168.40.8
   
    8. 远程拨入VPN
   
    相关的ASA配置命令如下：
   
    access-list inside_access_in extended permit ip object-group remotegroup any
   
    access-list inside_access_in extended permit icmp object-group remotegroup any
   
    access-list remotevpn_splitTunnelAcl standard permit 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0
   
    access-list vpnclient_splitTunnelAcl standard permit 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0
   
    ip local pool dialuserIP 192.168.101.1-192.168.101.254 mask 255.255.255.0
   
    group-policy remotevpn attributes
   
    dns-server value 202.96.128.68 192.168.40.16
   
    default-domain value test.com.cn
   
    username jiang password Csmep3VzvPQPCbkx encrypted privilege 15
   
    crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac
   
    crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-MD5 esp-des esp-md5-hmac
   
    crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-SHA esp-des esp-sha-hmac
   
    crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set pfs
   
    crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA
   
    crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set reverse-route
   
    crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic outside_dyn_map
   
    crypto map outside_map interface outside
   
    tunnel-group remotevpn type ipsec-ra
   
    tunnel-group remotevpn general-attributes
   
    address-pool dialuserIP
   
    default-group-policy remotevpn
   
    tunnel-group remotevpn ipsec-attributes
   
    pre-shared-key *
   
    客户端设置如下：
   
    9. 日志服务器配置
   
    logging enable
   
    logging timestamp
   
    logging emblem
   
    logging trap informational
   
    logging asdm warnings
   
    logging host inside 192.168.40.115 format emblem
   
    logging permit-hostdown
   
    vpn-simultaneous-logins 3
   
    10. Snmp网管配置
   
    snmp-server host inside 192.168.40.47 community testsnmp
   
    snmp-server location DG-GTEST
   
    snmp-server contact jiangdaoyou:6162
   
    snmp-server community testsnmp
   
    snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart
   
    注：指定主机后，192.168.40.47才可能进行管理
   
    11. ACS配置
   
    安装后管理：http://ip:2002 通过ACS可以进行授权、认证等等很多功能
   
    因内容太多，暂省略
   
    12. AAA配置
   
    Aaa服务器配置：
   
    aaa-server radius_dg host dc03.xxxx.com
   
    key dfdfdfdf146**U
   
    authentication-port 1812
   
    accounting-port 1813
   
    radius-common-pw dfdfdfdf146**U
   
    对于拨入vpn的配置
   
    tunnel-group vg_testerp general-attributes
   
    address-pool ciscovpnuser
   
    authentication-server-group radius_dg
   
    default-group-policy vg_testerp
   
    13. 升级IOS
   
    copy tftp://192.168.40.180/asa/asa721-k8.bin disk0:/asa721-k8.bin
   
    boot system disk0:/asa721-k8.bin （多个Image时使用）
   
    14. 疑难杂症
   
    1） 在远程子网不能ping通过对方的网关，如在无锡格兰不能ping 192.168.40.251
   
    输入命令：management-access inside （通过ASDM不能设置这一项）
   
    2） NAT有时不能快速启作用
   
    使用命令：clear xlate即可

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